Duncan Campbell in Los Angeles Wednesday August 14 2002
The Guardian
The Bacardi rum company has been engaged for more than 40 years
in clandestine attempts to overthrow the Cuban government by both violent
and other means, according to a new book. The company is accused of bankrolling
extreme rightwing groups and American mainstream politicians in an effort
to remove Fidel Castro and re-establish its profitable empire on theisland.
Bacardi is the world's largest rum company, with annual sales of more than
240 million bottles in 170 countries. Its history stretches back to 1862
when it was founded in Santiago de Cuba by a Frenchman and a Catalan. But
behind its image of a fun drink for partygoers, is an empire that has devoted
millions of dollars of its profits towards removing Castro and the current
Cuban government, which nationalised its properties in 1959, according
to the Colombian journalist Hernando Calvo Ospina in his new book, Bacardi,
the Hidden War.
Initially, Bacardi had supported the Cuban revolutionaries of 1959,
who nationalised the company along with other private industries in 1960.
Other countries and private firms have since reached settlements with the
Cuban government over the nationalisation but the US and Bacardi never
have. The book alleges that, in the 1960s, the then head of Bacardi, the
late Jose Pepin Bosch, planned to bomb Cuba's oil refineries, hoping to
create a blackout in the country and thus stimulate "a state of national
subversion". His plan, and a picture of the bomber plane he intended to
use, was exposed in the New York Times and the enterprise abandoned.
Assassination
A more elaborate plot to kill Castro was suggested in 1964, according to
documents not released by the national security council until 1998. Details
of the CIA plot "to assassinate Castro, which would involve US elements
of the mafia and which would be financed by Pepin Bosch" are contained
in documents sent by CIA agent Gordon Chase to his superiors. According
to the documents, Pepin Bosch contributed $100,000 of the $150,000 requested
by the people linked to the mafia who had offered to kill Castro, his brother,
Raul and Che Guevera.
Directors and leading shareholders in Bacardi were instrumental in the
formation in 1981 of the Cuban American National Foundation (CANF) which
was to become one of the main bodies coordinating efforts to overthrow
Castro. It was also used as a conduit in the secret war against the Sandinistas
in Nicaragua carried out by the Reagan administration until the exposure
of the Iran-Contra affair.
The CANF made no secret of its operations, referring at the time to
its "active participation in the Central American conflict and our efforts
to inform and guide those who have pledged their allegiance to the cause
of a Free Nicaragua". CANF was instrumental in the campaign to keep Elian
Gonzalez, the shipwrecked Cuban boy, in Miami against the wishes of hisfather.
Democracy
More recently, senior Bacardi figures have been instrumental in the support
for the 1996 Helms-Burton legislation which outlined what Cuba must do
to be regarded as a democracy by the US and attain diplomatic recognition.
The law made it an offence for foreigners to invest in properties that
were
nationalised by Castro and denied visas to the US to the directors
of any firms that did so. In congressional circles, the legislation was
referred to as the Bacardi bill. Leading Bacardi figures mounted fundraisers
for Senator Jesse Helms, one of the architects of the legislation. In 1975,
the head of Bacardi's Miami subsidiary co-hosted a $500-a-plate fundraiser
for Helms which netted $75,000 for the senator.
Instrumental in the construction of that legislation was Otto Reich,
who this year was appointed by President George Bush as the assistant secretary
of state for western hemisphere affairs despite opposition from the Senate
foreign relations committee.
Before taking his current post, Reich worked for the firm of lobbyists
employed by Bacardi to advance their aims. Reich has been an active proponent
of bringing down the Cuban government and "has been more helpful than any
other diplomat on behalf of the CANF and particularly the Bacardi multinational",
according to Calvo Ospina.
The book is published as the Bush administration has been attempting
to link Cuba to the "war on terrorism" and the US state department has
listed Cuba as one of seven state sponsors of terrorism. But the House
of Representatives has just voted 262-187 to relax travel restrictions
currently imposed as part of the US embargo on the island and a growing
number of Republican politicians, including the house majority leader Dick
Armey, have called for the opening up of trade with Cuba.
A Bacardi spokeswoman said:
"No one at Bacardi believes this book is worth commenting on."
Bacardi, the Hidden War by Hernando Calvo Ospina, translated by Stephen
Wilkinson and Alasdair Holden and published by Pluto Press, can be ordered
at www.cubaconnect.co.ukThe bat brand Market leader born in 1862
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· Bacardi was born in 1862 when Spanish-born wine merchant
Don Facundo Bacardi Masso bought a small tin-roofed distillery for 3,500
pesos in Santiago de Cuba
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· The distillery had a colony of fruit bats in the rafters,
which quickly became the white rum's brand symbol. Cubans began referring
to the drink as "el ron del murcielago" - the rum of the bat
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· The founding family fled Cuba for the Bahamas in 1960 when
Fidel Castro seized control of the company. Some 400 family members still
have stakes, including 40 who remain working for the business
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· The firm is the world's fourth largest spirits company
and is by far the leader in rum, with about 49% of the US rum market alone.
It spends an estimated $150m a year on advertising
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· Bacardi's worldwide sales in 2000 were ?1.8 bn but the
firm's main white rum slipped back as younger drinkers opted for vodkas,
such as Smirnoff and Absolut
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· Bacardi parted company with its chief executive, George
"Chip" Reid, two years ago after a row over an aborted plan for a $5bn
(?3.2bn) flotation on the US stock market
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· In Britain Bacardi fell foul of the office of fair trading,
which threatened a ?40m fine after discovering unfair deals with drinking
outlets. Bacardi executives had offered the National Union of Students
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?650,000 to banish rival rums from student bars
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