Демография
России (сайт посвящён проф. Д. И. Валентею)
Population Research and Policy Review 22
(5-6): 411-438, December 2003
Copyright ©
2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers All rights reserved
The Changing Institutional Context of Low Fertility
Ronald R. Rindfuss
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Karen Benjamin Guzzo
Author for correspondence Department of Sociology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
S. Philip Morgan
Department of Sociology, Duke
University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
Using data for 1960–97 for 22 low
fertility countries, we document a dramatic change in the association
of fertility levels to women's levels of labor force participation.
Until the 1980s, this association had been strongly negative. However,
during the 1980s it became positive, and since 1990 strongly positive.
We also document an emerging positive association of the country-level
total fertility ratio (TFR) and nonmarital ratio (e.g., the proportion
of births to unmarried women). We argue that these transformed
associations reflect societal level responses that, in some contexts,
have eased the incompatibility between mother and worker roles, and
loosened the link between marriage and childbearing. These arguments
imply that societal responses to mother/worker incompatibility exert
substantial influence on fertility levels in low fertility countries.
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