The spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
is a good indicator of risky sexual behavior, particularly, of decline
to use a condom with a casual partner (See Table 9).
Table 9. STDs, fungal,
dermal diseases and scabies
| |
1990
|
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
| Number
of patients diagnosed for the first time in their life with (incidence): |
| Syphilis |
| ths
people |
7.9
|
261.9
|
388.2
|
405.7
|
342.6
|
271.7
|
239.4
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
5.3
|
177.2
|
265
|
277.6
|
235.1
|
187.2
|
165.6
|
| Gonorrhea |
| ths
people |
189.3
|
256.6
|
203.9
|
167
|
150.4
|
174.4
|
175.9
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
128
|
173.7
|
139.2
|
114.3
|
103.2
|
120.2
|
121.7
|
| Trichomonosis |
| ths
people |
393.6
|
508.7
|
501.1
|
480.5
|
462.9
|
476.3
|
462.9
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
266.1
|
344.3
|
342
|
328.8
|
317.6
|
328.1
|
320.3
|
| Chlamydiosis |
| ths
people |
…
|
133.4
|
155.8
|
169.8
|
166.1
|
181.6
|
182.7
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
…
|
90.3
|
106.3
|
116.2
|
114
|
125.1
|
126.4
|
| Trichophytosis |
| ths
people |
4.6
|
4.8
|
4.3
|
4.5
|
3.9
|
3.9
|
4.4
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
3.1
|
3.2
|
2.9
|
3.1
|
2.7
|
2.7
|
3.1
|
| Microsporia |
| ths
people |
113.7
|
94.5
|
85
|
83.4
|
78.5
|
79
|
82.4
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
76.9
|
64
|
58
|
57.1
|
53.8
|
54.4
|
57
|
| Feet
mycosis |
| ths
people |
…
|
144.7
|
130.7
|
151.2
|
151.4
|
151.7
|
152.5
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
…
|
97.9
|
89.2
|
103.5
|
103.9
|
104.5
|
105.5
|
| Scabies |
| ths
people |
42.4
|
583.7
|
464.2
|
334.7
|
265.5
|
216.8
|
212.4
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
28.6
|
395
|
315
|
229
|
181.2
|
149.4
|
146.9
|
| Number
of syphilis patients registered in disease prevention and treatment clinics
(end of the year, prevalence): |
| ths
people |
47.7
|
384.9
|
629.1
|
776.9
|
835.8
|
791.7
|
731.9
|
| per
100,000 of the population |
32.2
|
260.8
|
429.9
|
532.3
|
574.2
|
546.8
|
507.5
|
| Percentage
of cases, with undetected source of infection |
| Syphilis |
39.8
|
70.2
|
71.8
|
72
|
72.8
|
75.1
|
77.4
|
| Gonorrhea |
60.6
|
82
|
81.7
|
83.2
|
83.1
|
85.6
|
86.2
|
Source: Health-Care in Russia:
Collection of Statistics/ Russia’s State Statistics Committee. Moscow,
2001.
In the first half of the 1990s, there was a marked
increase in the registered incidence of STDs in Russia (Figure 3), this
being an indirect indicator of great HIV-infection risk.
Fig. 3. Incidence
of syphilis and gonorrhea, 1987-2001, Russia, per 100,000
During 1990-1997, the number of people who contracted
syphilis for the first time in their life rose by more than 50 times. It
has begun, however, to go down since 1997 and was in 2001 almost twice
as low as in the peak year of 1997, or by 21% less than in the previous
year 2000.
The findings of the RLMS conducted in 2001 (5,825
people, 20 to 45 years old, were polled) showed that 2% of the respondents
suspected that within the last 12 months before the survey they might commit
a venereal disease.
The data of a survey conducted among women of reproductive
age in the Ivanovo Region and in the cities of Perm and Ekaterinburg also
show the spread of diseases helpful to HIV infection (Table 10).
Table 10. Percentage
of women, age 15-44, who have ever been diagnosed with urino-genital inflammation
(average for three regions of Russia)
| |
Per cent
|
| Trichomoniasis |
9.1
|
| Chlamydiosis |
5.3
|
| Viral
papillomatosis |
4.2
|
| Genital
herpes |
3.8
|
| Gonorrhea |
1.9
|
| Syphilis |
0.9
|
Source: Russia Women’s Reproductive
Health Survey - 1999. Preliminary Report. VTsIOM, CDC, USAID. February
2000.
There was a significant decrease in the incidence
of hepatitis A, while of the incidence of hepatitis B and C rose (Table
11).
Table 11. Incidence
of viral hepatites
| |
1990
|
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
| number of
registered cases |
| All viral
hepatites |
335.4
|
247.5
|
197.0
|
143.5
|
122.6
|
177.6
|
239.4
|
| Including |
| acute hepatitis
A |
…
|
182.8
|
129.1
|
74.1
|
49.8
|
44.3
|
83.7
|
| acute hepatitis
B |
…
|
52.7
|
53.1
|
53.8
|
52.6
|
77.0
|
82.7
|
| acute hepatitis
C |
…
|
10.0
|
12.4
|
13.4
|
17.0
|
49.2
|
63.2
|
| per 100,000
of the population |
| All viral
hepatites |
226.7
|
167.5
|
133.7
|
98.2
|
83.7
|
122.4
|
164.9
|
| Including |
| acute hepatitis
A |
…
|
123.7
|
87.6
|
50.7
|
34.2
|
30.5
|
57.7
|
| acute hepatitis
B |
…
|
35.7
|
36.0
|
36.8
|
36.1
|
53.0
|
42.7
|
| acute hepatitis
C |
…
|
6.8
|
8.4
|
9.2
|
11.7
|
33.9
|
21.2
|
Source: Health-Care in Russia:
Collection of Statistics/ Russia’s State Statistics Committee. Moscow,
2001.
|